what types of organisms belong to the kingdom protista
Protists are eukaryotic organisms belonging to the Kingdom Protista. Protists are highly diverse and do not take much in common with one some other. They are grouped together because they don't fit into whatsoever other kingdom; put simply, protists are all the eukaryotes that are non animals, plants, or fungi.
Generally, protists are microscopic, unicellular organisms, though some (similar seaweed) are big and multicellular. Some protists (such as algae) are photosynthetic and can make their own food, while others are heterotrophic and seek out nutrient sources in their external environment.
Characteristics of Protists
Protists are an extremely diverse grouping of organisms, so there are few similarities between them. However, all protists are eukaryotic organisms which means they contain nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles. Most protists also comprise mitochondria, and some also contain digestive vacuoles, chloroplasts, and a cell wall.
Protists are typically unicellular organisms, though some are multicellular. They live in a variety of aquatic environments, and some are also constitute in moist soil. Some protist species are parasites and are responsible for a variety of major human diseases such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, and trypanosomiasis.
About protists reproduce asexually, either by budding or binary fission. However, a few protists are able to produce gametes and reproduce asexually.
Nutrient Conquering in Protists
Some protists are photosynthetic and use chloroplasts to harvest sunlight for the production of carbohydrates. Others (namely, creature-like and fungi-like protists) are heterotrophs. Heterotrophs seek out food sources in their surrounding environment and may feed on other microorganisms, carbon-rich materials, or decaying organic matter.
Examples of Protists
Kingdom Protista is highly diverse, and its members accept few similarities with one another. Protists can be broadly classified as fauna-like, plant-similar, or fungi-like based on characteristics they share with animals, plants, and fungi.
Beast-like Protists
Animal-like protists are also known as protozoa, meaning 'first animal.' This is because they are thought to have evolved from bacteria to go some of the first eukaryotes on Earth. All other animal life is believed to have developed from these early eukaryotes.
Nearly all protozoa are heterotrophs, meaning they find nutrients from their environment rather than producing carbohydrates via photosynthesis. Protozoan cells comprise mitochondria (for the product of energy) and digestive vacuoles (for the digestion of food).
Examples of Animal-like Protists
There are 4 master types of protozoa, which are classified based on where they live and how they move around. These are:
- Rhizopoda
- Ciliates
- Flagellates
- Sporozoa
Rhizopoda are characterized by pseudopodia (AKA 'faux feet'). These are finger-like projections of the cytoplasm, which branch out from the cell and allow them to motility around. Rhizopodia also use their pseudopodia to capture leaner and smaller protozoans, which they then engulf and digest using digestive vacuoles.
The master blazon of Rhizopoda are amoebas. They alive in freshwater and ocean habitats and typically reproduce asexually by binary fission. Some amoeba are parasites, for example, entamoeba is the cause of amoebic dysentery.
Ciliates are covered in tiny, pilus-like structures called cilia which they use to propel them through the water. Ciliates also utilize their cilia to waft algae and bacteria into a mouth-like groove in their cell membrane. In plow, ciliates are a food source for larger protozoans (such equally amoeba).
Flagellates have flagella, whip or tail-like structures that they employ to propel them through their watery habitats. Many flagellates also use their flagella to capture food particles, though they may besides blot nutrients from their surrounding environment. A few flagellates (the phytoflagellates) can produce their ain food via photosynthesis. Some flagellates (e.thousand. Trypanosoma and Giardia) are parasites and can cause sleeping sickness and giardiasis.
Sporozoans are a type of parasite and rely entirely on their hosts for nourishment. These protozoa don't take pseudopodia, cilia, or flagella. Instead, they have a specialized structure called an apical complex, which they apply to wedge themselves into a host prison cell.
Plant-like Protists
Plant-like protists are too known as algae. They are considered plant-similar considering they contain chloroplasts and chlorophyll and make their own nutrient via photosynthesis. Algae also contain a cell wall made of cellulose. Still, unlike truthful plants, algae do non take leaves, stems, or roots.
As photosynthetic organisms, algae play an important role as producers in aquatic ecosystems. They are also vital producers of oxygen and are thought to business relationship for 50% of all oxygen production on Earth. Some algae (i.e., the diatoms) are unicellular, but others (i.e., seaweed) are multicellular organisms.
Examples of Plant-like Protists
At that place are vii major types of algae:
- Blood-red algae (Rhodophyta)
- Greenish algae (Chlorophyta)
- Brown algae (Phaeophyta)
- Yellow-green algae (Xanthophyta)
- Burn algae (Pyrrophyta)
- Diatoms (Chrysophyta)
- Euglenids (Euglenophyta)
Blood-red algae are ordinarily found in tropical, marine habitats where they grow on solid surfaces, such every bit reefs. They take cell walls only, unlike other types of algae, they lack flagella. Red algae are often unicellular, but they can also be multicellular and grade a variety of different seaweed types.
Greenish algae are predominantly found in freshwater environments, though a pocket-sized number of species are as well constitute in the sea. They may exist unicellular or multicellular, but all incorporate chloroplasts and produce their own food using photosynthesis.
Brown algae form a wide variety of seaweeds and are typically establish in marine environments. Ane brownish alga, the giant kelp, is the world's largest marine plant and tin attain up to 65 meters (215 feet) in length.
Yellow-green algae are unicellular organisms with prison cell walls, chloroplasts, and one or more flagella. They are the least common of all the algal types, with only 450-650 known species. Xanthous-dark-green algae are typically plant in freshwater environments, though a few are besides found in saltwater and wet soil.
Burn algae are also known every bit dinoflagellates. The proper noun 'fire algae' references the fact that some species are bioluminescent, and emit an eerie, night-time glow that sets the body of water ablaze. When present in large numbers, some species of red algae tin crusade a phenomenon known equally ruby tide. This type of algal blossom can pose a significant health risk, as these protists produce a number of harmful toxins.
Diatoms (AKA golden-brown algae) are the most abundant types of unicellular algae and are institute in both fresh and saltwater environments. Many types of ocean-domicile plankton are diatoms.
Euglenids are plant in fresh and saltwater environments. They contain chloroplasts and tin can photosynthesize, merely are also heterotrophic and feed on other unicellular organisms and carbon-rich materials in their surroundings. Euglenids have flagella, which they employ to propel themselves through water. Unlike most other algal species, euglena don't have a prison cell wall. Instead, they are surrounded by a protein-rich layer chosen the pellicle.
Fungi-like Protists
Fungi-like protists are also known as molds. They oft look like fungi and are institute in damp environments, where they blot nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter. They reproduce using spores and accept cell walls. Yet, their prison cell walls are made of cellulose, whereas fungi cell walls are made of chitin.
Examples of Fungi-like Protists
The ii primary types of fungi-like protists are:
- Slime molds
- Water molds
Slime molds are usually found growing on compost heaps and rotting logs, where they very slowly movement effectually in search of decaying organic thing. When nutrient sources are deficient, several unmarried cells swarm together to form a hulk-similar mass.
H2o molds are typically found on surface water and moist soil. Many types of h2o mold are establish pathogens, while others are parasites of fish and other aquatic organisms.
Source: https://biologydictionary.net/kingdom-protista/
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